Governance & Policy
Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA)
Definition
The Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 is Canada's main federal pollution prevention statute. It provides for assessment and management of toxic substances, regulates air and water pollutants, nutrients and waste, and — following a 2023 amendment — recognises that every individual in Canada has a right to a healthy environment, the first such recognition in Canadian federal law.
References
Legal text and toxic-substances regime
Companion climate law
Overview
What it means
Chemicals and pollutants in Canada are managed under a precautionary, lifecycle-based federal regime anchored by the Domestic Substances List.
How it is used
Industry tracks substance assessments and risk-management instruments; government lists substances of concern including plastic manufactured items; advocates use the new environmental right.
Why it matters
It is Canada's TSCA/REACH equivalent and the vehicle for federal action from microbeads to greenhouse gases.