Energy economics

Grid Parity

Meaning statusEstablishedSource recordDirect document linkedWhy these are different

Definition

Grid parity is the point at which the cost of generating electricity from solar or another alternative source equals or falls below the cost of purchasing electricity from the conventional grid, typically assessed by comparing levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) with retail or wholesale power prices. Grid parity is reached when LCOE is equal to or less than the applicable electricity price.

References

ScienceDirect (Wang et al., 2025)A review of grid parity assessment for solar photovoltaics (grid parity achieved when LCOE ≤ electricity prices)

technical definition

NREL (via docs.nlr.gov)Grid Parity for Residential Photovoltaics in the United States (break-even where cost of PV-generated electricity equals cost of grid electricity; drivers: resource, prices, incentives, financing)

drivers and assessment

Overview

What it means

Parity marks the moment clean energy competes on price alone, shifting adoption drivers from environmental preference and subsidy to economics. It is location-specific — arriving at different times depending on solar resource, installation costs, financing, and local tariffs — and has been reached in a growing number of markets since the early 2010s.

How it is used

Analysts map parity to forecast deployment; policymakers use it to phase out subsidies; and utilities treat it as a marker of market disruption.

Why it matters

Grid parity converted solar from policy-dependent niche to the cheapest new electricity in much of the world — the economic engine of the energy transition.

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Meaning status
Established
Verification date
Not recorded
Last updated
18 Aug 2026
What the classifications mean

Meaning status: Established

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