Sustainable economics & policy
Green Fiscal Reform
Definition
Green fiscal reform, or environmental fiscal reform, refers to a range of taxation and pricing measures which can raise fiscal revenues while furthering environmental goals, including taxes on natural resource extraction and polluting emissions, user charges, and the reform of environmentally harmful subsidies. In its comprehensive form it shifts the tax burden from "goods" such as labour toward "bads" such as pollution and waste — the double-dividend logic of ecological tax reform.
References
definition, instruments, double dividend
Overview
What it means
Fiscal systems silently shape environmental outcomes: subsidised diesel, untested pollution, and below-cost water all tax nature instead of harm. Green fiscal reform makes prices tell the truth, generating a potential double dividend — environmental improvement plus revenue that can cut distorting taxes or fund social priorities.
Political economy, not design, is usually the binding constraint, so compensation and revenue recycling are central to feasibility.
How it is used
Finance ministries apply EFR through carbon and energy taxes, congestion and pollution charges, resource royalties, and subsidy reform; the OECD and development agencies support EFR in national reform programmes.
Why it matters
Getting prices right is the most scalable environmental policy available — and the revenue can fund the rest of the transition.