Pollution & chemicals

Green Chemistry

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Definition

Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances. The field is structured by the 12 Principles articulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner in "Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice" (1998), spanning waste prevention, atom economy, safer syntheses and solvents, energy efficiency, renewable feedstocks, catalysis, design for degradation, real-time pollution monitoring, and inherently safer chemistry.

References

US EPABasics of Green Chemistry (the 12 Principles verbatim list: prevention, atom economy, less hazardous syntheses, safer chemicals, safer solvents, energy efficiency, renewable feedstocks, avoid derivatives, catalysis, design for degradation, real-time analysis, accident prevention)

the 12 Principles

Overview

What it means

Green chemistry works upstream: rather than managing pollution after it is created, it designs hazards out at the molecular and process level. It is a design philosophy as much as a discipline — asking chemists to optimise commercial function while minimising hazard across a product's life cycle.

How it is used

The principles guide industrial R&D, pharmaceutical and materials manufacturing, curricula, and regulatory programmes such as pollution-prevention initiatives; methods like GreenScreen operationalise hazard comparison for product design.

Why it matters

Chemistry underpins nearly all manufactured goods; making chemistry inherently safer is one of the highest-leverage pollution-prevention strategies available.

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Meaning status
Established
Verification date
Not recorded
Last updated
18 Aug 2026
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Meaning status: Established

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