ISO 14025 defines Type III Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs): standardised, third-party-verified documents reporting a product's life-cycle environmental impacts under Product Category Rules (PCR). In construction, the European standard EN 15804+A2:2019 is the operative companion, making EPDs the common currency for embodied-carbon claims on building products and feeding whole-building assessments and green procurement. An EPD is not a quality label: it reports declared impacts transparently rather than certifying "good" performance, and comparability is only valid between EPDs built on the same PCR. Verification is performed by approved independent verifiers under the programme operator's rules, and EPDs carry a validity period. An EPD substantiates the declared indicators for the defined product only. Programme operators such as the International EPD System and national schemes manage PCR development and register verified declarations, creating public EPD libraries for whole product categories. In construction, EN 15804-aligned EPDs feed directly into building-level assessment schemes like BREEAM, DGNB and LEED. Using this framework does not by itself verify data accuracy, legal compliance or sustainability performance.
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