Circular Economy

Waste Characterization

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Definition

Waste characterization is the process of sampling, sorting and quantifying the components of a waste stream by material category, such as paper, plastics, organics, glass and metals. The resulting composition data reveal what is being discarded, in what quantities, and what could feasibly be reused, recycled or composted.

References

www.epa.govBulk import source

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Source organisationSupporting reference

This reference provides supporting context for how “Waste Characterization” is defined and used.

Overview

How it is used

Municipalities use characterization to plan collection systems and measure diversion progress; companies use waste audits to identify reduction opportunities and support reporting; regulators use composition data to design extended producer responsibility schemes.

Why it matters

Waste cannot be managed effectively without knowing what it contains. Characterization provides the evidence base for waste prevention targets, infrastructure investment and circular economy strategy.