Governance & Policy
EU Habitats Directive
Definition
The Habitats Directive, Directive 92/43/EEC, requires member states to maintain or restore natural habitats and wild species listed in its annexes at favourable conservation status. It established the Natura 2000 network of protected sites, requires appropriate assessment of plans or projects that could significantly affect sites, and strictly protects listed species.
References
Legal text, annexes and Natura 2000
Biodiversity policy context
Overview
What it means
Over eighteen percent of EU land is in a legal protection network where damaging projects pass only through a demanding derogation test.
How it is used
Developers conduct habitats regulations assessments; wind farms and infrastructure reroute around Annex habitats; litigation tests "imperative reasons of overriding public interest".
Why it matters
It is Europe's strongest nature law and the benchmark against which the Nature Restoration Law and biodiversity policy are measured.