Chapter 02 · Nature, land & waterWater, Waste & Pollution
Blue infrastructure
Definition
The network of water-based assets in cities and landscapes — natural water bodies such as rivers, lakes and wetlands, and engineered hydrological structures such as canals, retention basins, stormwater drains and sustainable drainage systems (SuDS). In practice it is usually planned together with vegetated "green infrastructure" as integrated blue-green infrastructure, complementing conventional "grey" infrastructure of pipes and concrete channels.
References
Supports definition and framing.
Overview
What it means
Where grey infrastructure moves stormwater away as fast as possible, blue infrastructure works with water at source: storing, slowing, filtering and infiltrating it. Combined blue-green systems deliver multiple services at once — flood-risk reduction, water-quality improvement, aquifer recharge, urban cooling, habitat and recreation — and embody nature-based solutions in urban water management.
How it is used
Cities apply blue(-green) infrastructure through bioswales, restored urban wetlands, daylighted streams, permeable surfaces and floodplain reconnection; it features in sponge-city programmes, climate-adaptation plans and water-sensitive urban design frameworks.
Why it matters
Climate change is intensifying urban flood and heat stress faster than pipes can be upgraded; blue infrastructure offers adaptive, multi-benefit capacity that grey systems alone cannot deliver, linking water management to biodiversity and public health.