Chapter 01 · Climate & transitionEnergy & Transition
Battery storage
Definition
The use of rechargeable batteries to store electricity for later use, spanning behind-the-meter home and commercial systems, mini-grids, and utility-scale battery energy storage systems providing grid services. The IEA identified battery storage as the fastest-growing commercially available energy technology in 2023, with power-sector deployment more than doubling year-on-year.
References
Fastest-growing energy technology 2023 (deployment doubling; 42 GW added); >90% of Li-ion demand from energy sector; 85 GW storage in use.
1,500 GW storage need by 2030 (90% batteries); 90% cost decline; solar+battery competitiveness vs coal.
Overview
What it means
Battery costs fell more than 90% in under 15 years — the fastest decline of any clean energy technology the IEA tracks — making solar-plus-storage competitive with new coal power in India. The energy sector now takes over 90% of annual lithium-ion battery demand (up from 50% in 2016). Meeting the COP28 goal of tripling renewables by 2030 requires around 1,500 GW of storage, 90% of it batteries — a sixfold increase.
How it is used
Batteries provide energy shifting (storing midday solar for evening peaks), frequency regulation, voltage support, black-start capability and backup power, and they relieve grid congestion. Stationary storage is shifting toward lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistries, avoiding nickel and cobalt.
Why it matters
Storage is the flexibility backbone of a renewables-based power system: without a sixfold scale-up this decade, clean power deployment risks stalling. Battery supply chains (critical minerals, manufacturing concentration in China) are correspondingly a frontline energy-security issue.